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Wolf Schell

VivoMind Intelligence Inc

In December 2004, the Bank of Canada stated in its 2004 Financial System Review that the term hedge fund covers a very diverse field of organizations and behavior that defy any simple definition. Generally, a hedge fund is a private investment fund limited to a small number of sophisticated clients who each invest relatively large sums of money. These investors rely on the expertise of portfolio managers to generate returns. The hedge fund industry is smaller than the traditional mutual fund industry, not only because of their limited capital raising opportunities, but also because they need to remain nimble enough to make profitable trades or investments without significant market impact. Hedge funds are often described as absolute-return investments. This means that, unlike traditional mutual funds, hedge funds do not link their performance to any index or benchmark. Instead, hedge funds use the skill of their portfolio managers to implement proprietary trading strategies to generate returns independent of the movement of the broader market. Although there are over 25 different classes of investment strategies that hedge funds may engage in, most hedge funds in Canada fall into a few categories. The most common investment strategy for Canadian hedge funds is the equity long/short strategy, in which a hedge fund will purchase stocks it believes will rise in price and will sell short stocks it believes will decline in price, thus generating a profit in both rising and falling market conditions. Another common strategy is the market neutral strategy, which is a variant of the equity long/short strategy in which long and short positions are matched so that the fund has limited exposure to the overall market direction. Less common investment strategies in Canada include the convertible arbitrage strategy, in which positions in convertible debt are hedged by selling short the underlying shares, and managed futures strategies which are based on capitalizing on trends in a variety of global markets such as currency and interest rate markets.

FastPuppy Canada

Even though there are multiple semantic network representations available, the representation that has some of the most flexibility is Conceptual Structures, CS. CS is a logic based representation of C.S. Peirce's existential graphs developed by John Sowa. In his 1984 book titled: "Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine", John gives a broad range of theoretical and applied studies in linguistics, logic, philosophy, and artificial intelligence. The two most important influences on this book were the philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce and Alfred North Whitehead, who were pioneers in symbolic logic. The book stimulated an interdisciplinary community of students and researchers to organize a series of informal workshops, which in 1993 were upgraded to the annual International Conferences on Conceptual Structures (ICCS).

Montreal Film Network

Conceptual graphs (CGs) are a system of logic based on the existential graphs of Charles Sanders Peirce and the semantic networks of artificial intelligence. They express meaning in a form that is logically precise, humanly readable, and computationally tractable. With their direct mapping to language, conceptual graphs serve as an intermediate language for translating computer-oriented formalisms to and from natural languages. With their graphic representation, they serve as a readable, but formal design and specification language. CGs have been implemented in a variety of projects for information retrieval, database design, expert systems, and natural language processing.